Chemistry and Anatomy Essay Example for Free

Chemistry and Anatomy Essay My life began as a simple and talented student in Geneva. My father was Alphonse Frankenstein, who was a wealthy, rich and benevolent man. I was the first son of my father, Alphonse Frankenstein. My mother Caroline visited a beautiful orphan girl, Elizabeth Lavenza, fair-haired girl. She was adopted by my family and was my cousin. I had two brothers who were very lovely and they loved me and Elizabeth a lot. My best friend was Henry Clerval, who was a considerate man. I became a student of Chemistry and Anatomy in the quest to determine what gives life. I was a young man who led a happy and peaceful life, but the events happened after, made a great change to my living. The world according to me was a secret of research, creation and experimenting. I learnt the theories of electricity and galvanization. I also initiated a theory of how to create human life using the principles of electricity. I became devoted to the human creation and the spark of life that I had abandoned earlier. I asked my University for specimens to make my creation. I figured out what gives life.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I have begged my University for specimens. They say I’ve had all their best material for years, and produced nothing to show for it.† I feel that I have begged my University for some specimens to make my creation, but they refused to afford me the specimens because they say that they have given all the best pieces of specimens to me for creating nothing. Finally, I got the body parts from the graveyard. Then I went out without my meals to buy some chemicals. I took the body parts from the corpses. I stored my chemicals and specimens in the dissecting room so that it would be safe. I constructed a giant man, 8 feet tall, with super human strength and endurance from harvested body parts that I took from the corpses. I worked secretly without rest for almost a year. I can tell you that I was a bit disappointed with my creation. My perfect creation was a frightening disaster. My creation was a result of horror.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"No, this isn’t what I wanted. Oh, dear god, what have I done?†Ã‚  I was not at all happy with my monstrous creation. So, I rejected, abandoned and left him away. I was also scared, frightened and afraid of him. I also avoided my scientific studies because it remained me about the disastrous experiment. I wanted him to help and like mankind. This was not what I expected. I wanted my creation to be helpful rather than being a nuisance. My excitement soon changed when my creature came into life. My lovely, little brother William was murdered by my creation, the monster. Elizabeth cried a lot and I was not able to convince her. She also told me that my five- year-old brother, William and she went for a walk. She also told me that she saw William disappear. She was searching for him all over. I examined what had happened and found out that it was the monster, who was responsible for the murder of my brother. I was very angry with the behaviour of my creation. I created him to help human life and not to destroy them. He came to my room. I was very angry at him and wanted to destroy him. He told me to control my temper and he asked me to listen to him. He told me that the only person to be kind to him was Agathe, a young blind lady. The other villagers chased him away through their dogs. He also told me that his intention towards William was not to kill him. Then he explained to me about what had happened. He told me, â€Å"I put my hands to his mouth to silence him, because I was afraid.†Ã‚  The monster asked William to play with him for a while. But William shouted and refused to play with him. So, he just kept his hands in William’s mouth to silence him and request him to play with him. He also convinced me by telling the truth, but I am very sad that my brother is being murdered by my creation.  I was asked by the monster to make a bride to the monster. I agreed to him because as a creator, I should have to fulfill the wishes of my creation. He said to me that,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I am alone and miserable; man will not associate with me; but one as deformed and horrible as myself would not deny herself to me. My companion must be of the same species and have the same defects. This being you must create.† He conveyed me his feelings of how it was to be alone without a companion or a comrade. He also gave me two years time to make a complete creation. He also told me that he would not trouble me in the time in between. I repulsed myself to make a bride for the monster. I wanted to finish the bride before marrying Elizabeth. I was also worried that the monster may harm my family. I still found it difficult to make the second monster. I made it because he told me that he wanted to love. I also made it, but this creation was spoilt by the monster, himself. The thing where he went wrong was, giving wrong wire connections to the creation and made it destroy. I explained to him that,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"She’ll never live now! Monster, what have you done?†Ã‚  He thought that he knew to make his own creation. He acted over- smart by giving the wrong wire connections and destroying his bride by himself. I beautifully laid out the bride in white colour clothes, to symbolize that she was going to get married. There is no use for him to commit the murders of Elizabeth and Clerval, by knowing that was his fault. I was really angry when he killed my brother, William. Then, he explained to me about what had happened. He told me that,  Ã¢â‚¬Å"I put my hands to his mouth to silence him, because I was afraid.†Ã‚  It was my fault to create him and abandon him. Since I have created him I lost my Elizabeth, Clerval and my dear brother William. I got the feelings of how it was to face death. If I think of him, my first thoughts were, why did I create him? I found it like a battle of â€Å"Evil vs. Good†.

Importance of Profit in Business

Importance of Profit in Business Profit acts as a vital role in the functioning of the economic system. In any industry profit acts as a signal that buyers want more output from that industry. Profits provide incentive for firms to increase production and encourage new firms to enter into that industry. The profit cannot be seen as a selfish motive of any business but induces entrepreneurs to take long business risk. Unless there are no prospects of generating profit entrepreneurs will not devote time and invest resources in any business activity. It encourages firms to develop new products to lower production cost and to provide better services to the consumers. Profit is also expands business activity of the organization. Profit generated from the business reinvests again to expand production or invest into new business. So it allows the firm to continue to business operation. Entrepreneurs can only be motivated to expand its business when it can successfully generate profits from its business operations. The objectives of business objectives besides profit are facilitative objectives and are meant to be subservient to the profit motive. It can be pointed out that private enterprises are operated on behalf of and for the benefit of the owners. It can be advocated that the owners who have assumed the business risk of investing their funds should get suitable return in terms of profit. It is a reward for the entrepreneurs to share the owning and operating business and also serves as a stimulant for business effort. In any business organization profit is treated as a financial yardstick for measuring business efficiency and for evaluating managerial competency. It evaluates how well the decisions and actions of managements turn out to be effective and how well unwise resources to maximize value for the organization. Profit is the main indication how competitive be business organization is. Business efficiency is often expressed as price- Earning, profit to sales volume, earning to capita l employed, earning per share and so on. It is directly or indirectly released to profit generated by the business organization. Outside investors also equate profit with the degree of business efficiency and managerial competence and commit their funds in light of such equation and other related assessments. So the manger uses its resources and engages in activities designed to increase its profits so long as it stays within the rules of the game. The directors of companies have a fiduciary responsibility to act in the best interest of the shareholders. The managers are agents of the shareholders and therefore have a moral obligation to manage the firm in the interest of the shareholders, which obviously is to make as much money as possible and maximize shareholder wealth. The shareholders are the owners of the organization and therefore the profits belong to them. The firms objective is also to finance companys growth, create value not only for its shareholders and also create wealth for all the stake holders for the society. Profit provides resources required to achieve the corporate objectives. As business is a continuing entity it must grow and expand for its sustainability and profit allows the firm to reinvest in new and emerging business opportunities. Profit is highly correlated to generating cash, which brings more flexibility to the business at a lower cost. Stockholders (owners) have a financial interest in the business and obviously expect financial return. The business affects their livelihood because they need money to live and purchase material things. In a market characterized by many firms competing with one another, above normal profits provide important signals, but are not likely to be maintained over long periods of time. That is firms already in the market respond to higher profits by increasing output and new firms will have an incentive to enter the market as well. The result will be on an increased supply of the product, lower prices and ultimately lower profits. The result in competitive markets is that profits provide important signals but are somewhat transitory in nature. It can also be argued that a manger of a business organization has a direct responsibility to his/her employers to conduct business in accordance with their desire usually to make as much money as possible. Elasticity An important concept in understanding supply and demand theory is elasticty and it has a profuound impact on the profit of an organisation. In this context, it refers to how supply and demand change in response to various stimuli. The elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of demand to changes in a factor that affects demand. Elasticities can be estimated for price, income, prices of related products, and advertising expenditures. The own-price elasticity is the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percentage change in price, and is a negative number. Demand is price elastic if a 1% increase in price leads to more than a 1% drop in quantity demanded, and inelastic if it leads to less than a 1% drop in quantity demanded. Price Elasticity of Demand A Price change can either increase or decrease total revenue, depending upon the nature of the demand function. The profit of the firm depends upon the sales revenue of the firm and sales revenue is subject marked demand and price of the product. Here Price Elasticity of demand plays a crucial role and determines the level of real demand of the product. Price Elasticity of demand mans responsive of the consumer towards product when there is a change in the price of the product. Price Elastic of Demand = % Change in demand / % Change in Price. The firm needs to consider aspects of their pricing whether they want to aim for a large market share with a low price. In this case they would want to consider market penetration as a pricing strategy. This would mean setting a low price (and correspondingly lower profit margin on each unit), but selling a higher volume. This depends considerably on whether the product is elastic in demand. If the product of the firm is highly elastic, any increase of the product will affects its sales in the market. For example when a firm decides to increase the price of any product which is highly elastic, the consumers demand for the product will decline in the market and in result affects the sales of the product in the market and consequently to the hampers the profit of the firm. If the product is highly inelastic the consumer usually doesnt respond to any increase or increase in the price of the product in the market. So if the firm increases the price of an inelastic product, it does not af fect the sales of the product significantly but on other hand it increases the sales revenue of that product. It should be kept in mind that high sales revenue does not necessarily mean high profit. The firm has to decide at what price the firm will attain maximize profit (when marginal revenue = marginal cost). Income Elasticity of Demand The income elasticity for a firms product is a crucial force of the farms success (profit) at different stages of business cycle. During the period of economic boom incomes are raising and demands for various products including the firms product increases in the market. As a result revenue of the firm increases and consequently firm generates profit from the product. During period of economic recession, it affects the sales performances of almost all industries across the broad as incomes of the consumptions decrease. The firms product does not find demand in the market. It leads to price reduction and lower sales revenue of the firm. Firms also have to incur various costs on marketing and advertising to woo customers. As a result profit of the firm suffered. Income Elasticity can be either positive or negative when income elasticity in negative, an increase in income is associated with a decrease in the quantity demanded of the good or service. Firms producing cheap goods, its profit is adversely affected when incomes of its targeted customers increase. The consumers switch over to better goods when their income increases and consequently sales of the firm affected adversely and so the profit. Similarly income elasticity is positive but less than or equal to the percentage change in income. Such goods and services referred to, as necessities demand for those goods is not longer affected by change in income. The sales of essential goods is generally unaffected by change in income of consumers and its profit depend on its pricing policy. But it must be remembered that government regulates directly or indirectly prices of essential goods in the market. In case of luxury goods the change in demand is proportionately greater than the change i n income. As individuals become richer, they have more income to spend or luxurious products and services. The sales of luxurious goods increases, as incomes of the consumers increase in the economy and it favorable affects the profitability of the firm. Labour Productivity and Profit Improving productivity is the most direct way to increase productivity. In business particularly in manufacturing industry wages of labour is a large share of cost production. Improved labour productivity curtails costs of manufacturing come primarily from. Improved productivity reflects two types of activity changes: Fewer people doing the same amount of work (due to automation and capital substitution), and reducing the number of employees necessary to reach a given level of sales (due to increases in labor productivity). In other words, greater labor productivity reduces the costs of operation for a given level of production, distribution, sales, makes it feasible to make higher profits from the business. Rapid productivity growth allows businesses to pad profits or boost pay without facing a need to raise prices for their products or services. As productivity slows, profit margins could erode unless businesses pass along their increased production costs to consumers. Profit shari ng is a form of labor compensation in which the employees get higher wages when company profits are higher. The idea is that profit sharing increases the incentive to work harder and work smarter, and thus increases profits. On the whole, the studies confirm this, showing that there is at least some scope for increasing profits through the productivity effect. Now let us assume that the firm introduces a new system of working that leads to a rise in output per worker from 2000 to 2500 per year. It may not necessarily imply that the workers are working harder; it could be that they are working smarter. Cell production for example, is one way in which waste can be reduced in terms of time spent moving units from one part of a factory to another and from one worker to another. It could be that the firm has invested in machinery that is more efficient or has reorganized the production line in some way. Of course, the workers might want extra money in return for these changing working practices so let us assume that they have been offered a pay rise of 5% taking their annual salary to $15,750 per year. The total cost of labour is now 50 x $15,750 = Â £787,500. Output however has risen from 100,000 to 125,000. The cost per unit therefore is now $6.30. Even if the firm continues to sell its product at the same price as before it has increased its profit margin. The purpose of the business is to maximize profits. But that’s not the purpose for other stakeholders—for customers, employees, suppliers, and the community. Each of those groups will define the purpose of the business in terms of its own needs and desires, and each perspective is valid and legitimate. It is also simply good business for a company to cater to its customers, train and retain its employees, build long-term positive relationships with its suppliers, and become a good citizen in its community, including performing some philanthropic activity. The business organization should deal with all its various constituencies properly in order to maximize long-term shareholder value. Cavanagh G H (1990), American Business Values, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall Edgar G. Browning and Mark A. Zupan, 2002, Microeconomics: Theory and Applications Seventh Edition, Wiley Publication Friedman M, 1970, The Social Responsibility of Busines is to Increase it Profits, New York Times Magazine Paul M. and Roberts J., Economics, Organization and Management. Englewood Cliffs, NJ, Prentice Hall, 1992. Perloff, J. (2004) Microeconomics, Third Edition, Addison Wesley Longman Robert H. Frank and Ian C. Parker, 2002, Microeconomics and Behaviour, McGraw- Hill Robert Pindyck and Daniel Rubinfeld, 2001, Microeconomics Fifth Edition, Prentice Hall Sharon O., 1999, Modern Competitive Analysis. 3d ed. New York, Oxford University Press, 1999.

Which Culture Should We Teach? Which Version of History is Correct? :: Teaching Education Philosophy

The educational process should not just be a process aimed at relaying information to students. Students have a rare opportunity to experience their youth and grow intellectually. College provides a chance for young people to experience life in a loose setting where they can grow as individuals and form their own opinions about life. When developing a school curriculum, members of college boards need to remember how vulnerable this time is in a student's life. The question of, whether colleges should emphasize a unified view of culture and the things that we have in common or whether they should emphasize people's differences is a complicated one. When first looking at this question many of people would be adamant about the fact that colleges have a certain responsibility to teach about different cultures, and I agree with that, but only to a certain extent. I think always wanting to emphasize peoples differences could be a problem. In today's multi-cultural world it is important to know about ones own culture and the cultures of others, but we can't forget to teach about our own culture. The culture we share as a whole, the American culture. Many people forget about the rich culture we have in America. A lot of the time people get wrapped up in looking at the differences between us and forget to look at all the similarities. Another problem that can arise when different cultures refuse to integrate is it thickens the walls between us. Everyone is always talking about trying to tear down these invisible walls between racial groups and religious groups, but then these same people, high ranking government and school officials are constantly pounding into peoples heads how different we are, and in some cases why some group should be angry at some other racial group. All this is doing is causing trouble and putting resentment into peoples heads, which just adds to the barriers between us. When a student graduates from high school he is faced with a decision about what he is going to with the rest of his life. One option that is open to these students is college. In college a student is given a chance to learn about a subject of his choice. While getting this education the student is surrounded by a rich wealth of knowledge and ideas that can influence the way he looks at life. High School a vulnerable time in many of these students' lives.

Student Diversity :: essays papers

Student Diversity Teachers are forced to deal with several different types of students every day, throughout their careers. Some children live in poverty, some have disabilities, some of different races and ethnicities that are all accumulated in one classroom. These children may be harassed by other children in the classroom because they are different from the majority of the other students. Teachers must recognize these problems and do everything in their power to make these students feel equal. Statistics show that more than one out of every five students in the U.S. live in poverty. This is one of the reasons that children face problems academically. Nearly one quarter of students in the classroom live below the level of poverty. Children do not understand that it is not the choice of a child to live this way, and therefore criticize them for this difference. Teachers must realize this and do everything in their power to teach students that diversity will be found everywhere, not only in the classroom. Teachers must realize that these children expect less of themselves, and therefore try harder to make them welcome in the classroom and the learning environment. Other children carry the burden of physical or mental disabilities. These children are entitled to the same educational opportunities as children without these handicaps. Special education programs were devised to give these students a better environment in which to learn. This provides extra help in the areas that it is needed in, and teachers with proper training in the teaching of the disabled student. Soon, these students may be taken out of separate classrooms and incorporated into the classrooms with other students. Teachers must be prepared to handle this diversity and make the learning environment conducive to their learning without slowing down other students. Teachers also experience a variety of races and ethnicities in their classrooms. Even though a student may be of a different race, or belong to a minority, it is important to treat these children in the same way that one would treat any other student.

DuBois and Black Nationalism Essay -- essays research papers

DuBois and Black Nationalism The Epigraph:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"The colored people are coming to face the fact quite calmly that most white Americans do not like them, and are planning neither for their survival, nor their definite future†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  W.E.B. DuBois â€Å"A Negro Nation within the Nation† The Premise:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Black Nationalism is a pragmatic solution for the success and survival of the oppressed African Americans. The Argument: Black Nationalism is defined by Karenga, as the political belief and practice of African Americans as a distinct people with a distinct historical personality who politically should develop structures to define, defend, and develop the interests of Blacks as a people. Black Nationalism can be traced back to the 18th century, back to William Edward Burghardt DuBois, the most prominent black intellectual of all time. Black Nationalism is the response of African Americans to the continual racism and oppression they experience. It came about because of two reasons; the racism that they faced daily, and being exploited economically by white supremacy. Black Nationalism seeks a solution to the problems that African Americans face on a daily basis. After the Civil War, the situation of the black people was not good; it was a semi-free, semi-slave situation. An example of this is tenancy, where the Blacks have control of the work process and work schedule but ultimately had to give up the fruits...

Business Resource Essay

With Examples, you are to describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of your selected organisation. In this assignment I will describe the main physical and technological resources required in the operation of Tesco. Physical Resources Physical resources are resources that the business needs to maintain in order to carry out its activities. They mainly include things like facilities, buildings, machinery and more. These are resources that are available to a business’s organisations in form of buildings and other machineries needed for the day to day running of the organisation. Tesco have many physical resources such as their toilets, buildings, trolleys, CCTV’s. Toilets is a good resource to have within a good organization as it can attract more customers to not feel rushed into shopping because they need to go toilet they can shop at their own paste and use the toilet when they feel to. Another physical resource for Tesco is the car park so customers can park within Tesco’s car park and not have to worry about receiving a ticket, or checking their time to get back to the car before they get a ticket, this will also attract more customers to shop within Tesco. A recent physical resource that Tesco has brought in is the self-checkouts; this is good for customers that want to quick shop as Tesco can be quite busy on some days they don’t want to wait in the long queues so they can use the self-checkout which is much quicker. Buildings Permanent or temporary structure enclosed within exterior walls and a roof, and including all attached apparatus, equipment, and fixtures that cannot be removed without cutting into ceiling, floors, or walls. Materials The matter from which something can be made. Material can include but is not limited to raw and processed material, components, parts, assemblies, sub-assemblies, fuels, lubricants, coolants, cleaning agents, and small tools and accessories that may be consumed directly or indirectly. Plant and machinery Like materials and buildings, each business has specific requirements for the type of plant and machinery. As Tesco don’t own factories to where they’re products are produced they pay for another company to produce their products or have suppliers. Most of Tesco’s products are from suppliers. This means even though they may not own the factory they have to pay the right amount to the suppliers for them to produce their products for them. Equipment Equipment is essential for a business to operate smoothly. Equipment is critical for profit and non-profit organisations like Tesco. In some organisations lack of equipment means a job or service cannot be carried out. Equipment is crucial for Tesco as they deal with selling a range of products from fresh food to technology and more. Within Tesco they will need tills so that people will be able to purchase products from their store. Tills help them to take payments from customer, without the tills they couldn’t take payments from customers or record profit or loss within all the Tesco stores. Also within a Tesco retail store they need to provide equipment like shelves to stock the products within the store, without the shelves and equipment to put the products on the store wouldn’t appeal to customers. On a staff level they have to provide the retail store staff with uniform. For Tesco it’s essential that the customer face staff have uniforms as it looks more professional and also it is a very big store so they must be and look professional. Technological Resources Intellectual Property Is the Knowledge, creative ideas, or expressions of human mind that have commercial value and are protectable under copyright, patent, trademark, or trade secret laws from imitation, infringement, and dilution. As Tesco designs different products they wouldn’t want other supermarket companies to copy what they have designed so they would hold intellectual property. It’s important that Tesco has intellectual property as the supermarket market is a big market and competition is tight. The intellectual designs aspect covers the features of decoration of products, such as colours, lines, materials, shape or texture. Accumulated experience and skills Accumulated experience means experience gained over a number of years when a person has to come across lots of different issues to do with the job. It’s important for Tesco to keep their employees happy as the longer they work in their position the more experience they get and become better people at their job. For Tesco to keep employees that have been working at the business for a long time and have good experience would be to pay them more. By Tesco paying the staff more they will feel more privileged and would want to stay with the business for longer. It’s important for Tesco to build employees skills but they do have to be careful not they have employees that are the only people or person to operate a piece of machinery or fix a piece of software. Key technological resources for the running of Tesco. This is because they would be unsure of what to do when in particular situations and they also wouldn’t continue to create new ideas for the organisation to ensure it continues to develop and make profit to survive. Software Tesco would invest a lot of money in software and its day-to-day use. Sometimes software will be spoke software will be designed for a business or they will use someone else’s software and pay a licence fee to use it. One  software which some internal office staff may use would be Microsoft office, excel and maybe publisher. http://www.tescosoftware.com/officelicenseagreement.php M1 – explain how the management of human, physical and technological resources can improve the performance of your selected organisation. The Human resources can improve the Tesco’s performance in many ways. There are two main processes which are looked at when managing human resources. The most important is to employ they correct people for the job, people that will carry out the job role correctly. Then the correct resources have to be provided for them so that they can carry this process out to the best of their standards. Treating these employees with care and sensitivity is important. They are not like physical or technological resources; humans need to be dealt in certain ways, as they are protected by legislations and laws. For example, In TESCO there will be a constant change of different demand of products that the customers wish to purchase, for this reason the staff will have to be trained for any of these occasions. This is how they improve their human resources. They also look at how many skills the employee has when they are searching for new employees. They will check whether that person can be used in more than one job position in that store, how many skills they consist of. Coordination of the teams in Tesco is very important in ensuring that they meet the targets that the company sets them. When all employees of the team complete their assigned roles the team will run more smoothly. It is also important that a manager is always there so that they can supervise the staff and also if there is a problem that they might not be able to handle the manager will be trained and know how to deal with the situation. By Tesco monitoring employees punctuality they can make sure that staff are on time to work. By making sure time are on staff to work the work could be done more quickly making it easier for the employee and even Tesco. This would improve the performance of the employee as they have more time to  complete the work that has been assigned to them, by Tesco also monitoring staff punctuality they can evaluate the people who have bad punctuality. From evaluating they can make a decision whether to get rid of them. This is because one person who has bad punctuality could be causing the team to be able to not get work completed etc. By having people who are always punctual it means teams and individuals can perform better which will help to improve the performance of Tesco’s customer service etc. Physical Resources Physical resources are resources that the business needs to maintain in order to carry out its activities. They mainly include things like facilities, buildings, machinery and more. These are resources that are available to a business’s organisations in form of buildings and other machineries needed for the day to day running of the organisation. All businesses including Tesco need premises where they can operate from as these buildings and environment can have a strong affect on the people that work there. For Tesco having their retail stores based in local areas the amount of customers they get is going to be a problem. It’s important that retail stores are located where they can attract customers, preferably in a populated place. Also the buildings are going to be commutable for staff to get to and not in the middle of anywhere so customers find it hard to find or travel which will put them off travelling to the store. The importance of the Tesco retail store layout is vital and for them successful as they draw in customers buy having products for them to try themselves and from there customers like the product and want to buy it. The correct equipment is essential for a business such as Tesco to operate smoothly and efficiently. Checkouts is a very important part of equipment as it re orders stock when it is running low so it saves a member of staff having to check when its running low and tick off that they need to re order. Tesco has a very good IT system, which consist of both hardware and software, which carry out their main jobs of looking after the amount of stock in the stores, the days cash intake, and many other important  functions that the company needs. Technological Resources To make sure that the employees are happy with the software they are using to do their work would be to gain feedback from them. By gaining feedback you can see whether there things that need improving to make it easier or better for the employee to use. Also by gaining feedback from employees you are making them feel part of the organisation as they have a say into what’s going on and what may need improving so that they don’t feel left out. By keeping staff happy they are more likely to stay for longer which means for Tesco that they have people who are good and have an understanding of how to use the software. By having employees who are good with working with the software it makes the process of doing work easier for them and this will overall help to boost the performance of Tesco as they have highly trained and good staff. M2:The importance of employability, and personal skills in the recruitment and retention of staff Telecommunication Sector (Alcatel Lucent) Employability and Personal Skills Employability is defined as a person’s own capability for acquiring and maintaining employment Employability depends factors like the knowledge, personal skills and abilities possessed by the individual and the way he presents those assets to employers. In other words it is the process of self assessment of an individual which can be done by himself or by some other person or agency. Importance of Employability and Personal Skills – In the Recruitment and Retention of staff : While in the process of hiring and selecting individuals in an organisation, the management has to identify a certain selection criteria. This selection criteria consists of a list of abilities and skills, in addition to certain education standard an individual must possess if he has to qualify for that position. An individual who has acquired certain skills like computer knowledge (hardware / software) will be more valuable for an organisation than the one who does not have this skill. The organisation will not have to train the individual who already has this capability. The organisation will get a â€Å"Ready Made† asset which can be utilized straight away on a project. The Alcatel can also short list those individuals with certain basic knowledge or skills in a specified field. The individuals can be trained on special task or assignment with minimum effort. For example if an individual has basic skills and knowledge of operations and maintenance of Computers then he can be trained quickly to operate and maintain small computer and telecom networks. That individual will have more value than an individual who does not possess such skills. The individual who is hired and has good background knowledge in a certain field and possesses various skills, can become a learning source of other employees in an organisation. That person can train other employees â€Å"On the Job†, with better knowledge and skills and can increase company’s productivity. Such employees are retained by the organisation If equal opportunities are provided to the employees in an organisation for learning and skill improvement, the employees always become loyal to the company and will remain with the company. In this way company will be able to retain its useful resources. Exceptions : There are certain areas in the Telecom sector where there is less need for  skills and knowledge. For example the employees who have to work on the Assembly lines of products manufacturing, they need minimum orientation on how to do their work efficiently. They may not need more skill to pack final products. For their case, it is not advisable to detach them from their work and send them for extra training. The organisation i have chosen to asses is the Alcatel Lucent. It is important for Alcatel Lucent to consider employability skills when recruiting and retaining staff as having a good balance of these skills in employees will make the organisation run smoothly and effectively. There are many different factor to consider when employing new recruits and keeping current staff such as training ,meeting targets, having the correct skills which match up the job recruitment , trust , qualifications , portraying a professional image and have excellent communication skills to liaise with fellow colleagues and the public .When recruiting and reviewing current staff personal skills employees need to have strong communication attributes . This would be required for any job as you need to be able to understand other colleagues and the customers/public. Alcatel need to consider this skills in employees as they need to communicate and understand colleagues and customers for tasks to be understood and carried out effectively.. Alcatel looks to see if their staff new recruits are hard working . This would be portrayed at inductions/ interviews for a job or in a trail period of vacancy. Employees need to be hard working / service they provide is of high quality and meets the company’s standards†¦ it is important that the Alcatel consider employees and recruits ability to work well as a team as well as individually. Staff need to work well as a team so they have an understanding of each other and so that projects and meetings are effective. When employees work effectively in a team it shows they understand each other and the work given therefore the Alcatel can run effectively as task given are being understood †¦Alcatel staff also need to be able to cope working on their own as in some aspects it saves time and money . rather than having two people carrying out one job, if possible one person doing the job while the other employee can go work in another area where help is needed. http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/M2-Business-Resource/239019

Residential School System

NATI 3116EL – Aboriginal People and the Criminal Justice System Final Research Paper Residential School System & Intergenerational Impact The purpose of residential schooling was to assimilate Aboriginal children into mainstream Canadian society by disconnecting them from their families and communities and severing all ties with languages, customs and beliefs (Chansoneuve, 2005).The following paper with depict the history behind residential schools, the varying schools across Canada, the intergenerational impact and influence the residential school system had issues such as alcoholism, family violence, substance abuse, lack of education, the increasing crime rate and the role of the Criminal Justice System in Canada. In addition to, what the government has accomplished in terms of compensation for the suffering that occurred.The Aboriginal Healing Foundation defines residential schools as being industrial schools, boarding schools, homes for students, hostels, billets, residen tial schools, residential schools with a majority of day students, or a combination of any of the above by which attended by Aboriginal students (Chansoneuve, 2005). Children were taken away from their families and reserves and put in these schools whereby they were taught shame and rejection for everything about their heritage, including their ancestors, families, languages, beliefs and cultural traditions.Many of these students were not only disconnected from their families but also sexually and physically abused and often by multiple authoritative figures and many for a long duration of their stay. The Aboriginal Healing foundation classified the cultural disconnection, cultural shame and trauma as a cultural genocide. The unresolved trauma and exploitation that occurred in these schools has now directly contributed to the problems that Aboriginal people face today.In 1845 the Canadian government proposed a report to the legislative assembly of Upper Canada that recommended that boarding schools be set up to educate Indian children across Canada (Chansoneuve, 2005). The superintendent of Indian affairs agreed but also suggested that there be a partnership between the government and the church to create a schooling system of a religious nature. However, it was not until 1863 that the first Roman Catholic residential school were to be established at St. Mary’s Mission in British Columbia by Oblate Father Florimond Gendre.In 1879 Nicholas Flood Davin was sent to the United States by Prime Minister John A. Macdonald to investigate and report on Indian industrial training schools. Within his report he recommended that funding off-reserve boarding schools to teach children the skills needed in the modern Canadian economy and the government to therefore consider boarding schools rather than day schools. He classified them as residential schools, and deemed them to be more successful because they could completely remove the children from their â€Å"evil su rroundings† (Barnes, Cole & Josefowitz, 2006).From then on until 1969, the partnership between the government of Canada and the churches continued in all provinces except New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island. Conversely, the last residential school in Canada did not close until 1996, and it was not until then that the government of Canada assumed all responsibility for the schools and the intergenerational trauma they produced. The aggressive assimilation of the residential schools would remove Aboriginal children from their homes because the government felt that children were easier to mould and prepare for mainstream society than adults.In 1920, Canada amended the Indian Act, making it obligatory for Aboriginal parents to send their children between the ages of seven and fifteen years who is physically able to Indian residential schools (Joseph, 2002). Attendance was mandatory and by 1931 80 schools were in operation across Canada and about 150,000 Aboriginal , Inuit, and Metis children had been removed from their communities and forced to reject and disconnect from their heritage (CBC News, June 14, 2010).Overall 130 schools were established across the country between the 19th century until 1996, where native children were discouraged from speaking their first language and practicing their native traditions and if caught would experience severe punishment (CBC News, June 14, 2010). The cultural racism of the Residential School era resulted in the legacy of cultural harm, which is the breakdown of the spiritual, moral, physical, and emotional health and fabric of Indigenous people (Fontaine, 2002).Not only was there a negative intergenerational impact on Aboriginal peoples but also in the early 1900’s the death rate of Indigenous children at these schools was a high seventy five percent (Fontaine, 2002). Many Aboriginal therapists and frontline workers describe the abuse that took place within the residential schools as ritualized abuse such as repeated, systematic, sadistic and humiliating trauma to the physical, spiritual and/or emotional health of a person that may utilize techniques such as conditioning, mind control, degradation, omnipotence and torture (Chansonneuve, 2005).In addition to the contemporary trauma caused by ritualized abuse, Indigenous children suffered sexual and physical abuse. Many survivors as high as 50% of them, do not remember the abuse until years after it has occurred and something in adulthood triggers the memory. The constant abuse and dehumanizing Aboriginal people faced has lead to several negative impacts in the present time.Many suffer from alcohol and substance abuse, sexual and physical abuse at home or within the community, poverty, discrimination and in some instances Indigenous people who have been affected by the residential schools have committed suicide. Psychological and emotional abuses were constant: shaming by public beatings of naked children, vilification of n ative culture, constant racism, public strip and genital searches, withholding presents and letters from family, locking children in closets and cages, segregation of sexes, separation of brothers and sisters, proscription of native languages and spirituality. Schissel & Wotherspoon, 2003). In addition, the schools were places of severe physical and sexual violence such as sexual assaults, forced abortions of staff-impregnated girls, needles were inserted into the tongue for speaking a native language, burning, scalding, beating until unconsciousness and/or inflicting permanent injury (Schissel & Wotherspoon, 2003).Children attending residential schools across Canada also endured electrical shock, force-feeding of their own vomit when they were sick, exposure to freezing outside temperatures, withholding of medical attention when needed, shaved heads which was classified as a cultural and social violation, starvation as a punishment, forced labour in unsafe work situations, intentio nal contamination with diseased blankets, insufficient food for basic nutrition and/or spoiled food.Reports have estimated that as many as 60% of the students died as a result of illness, beatings, attempts to escape, or suicide while in the schools (Joseph, 2002). According to Edwards et al two thirds of the last generation to attend residential schools has not survived because many fell victim to violence, accidents, addictions and suicide (Edwards, Smith & Varcoe, 2005). Today the children and grandchildren of those who attended residential schools live with the same legacy of broken families, lost culture and broken spirit because of the discrimination and trauma they are faced with every day.Many families have become caught in the downward spiral of addiction, violence and poverty. Several individuals have described leaving home as a preteen or teenager to escape the chaos and interpersonal violence in their family, home and community. Several individuals have had to drop out o f school to look for work, whereby they only find unskilled or seasonal jobs and inadequate housing (Edwards et al, 2005).Nowadays many aboriginal parents who suffered from the residential schools have a hard time being interested in their children’s education because of the violence and abuse that had taken place but also the poor curriculum they were taught (Barnes, Cole, & Josefowitz, 2006). A positive relationship between families and schools is now understood to support the growth and development of students academically, behaviourally and socially (Barnes et al, 2006).Therefore, aboriginal students are at an increased risk for academic, behavioural and social difficulties because of the degradation their families and communities faced. Without the proper support and understanding of Aboriginal children’s needs when dealing with their education, the downward spiral of poverty, inadequate housing, unemployment, substance and alcohol abuse and overrepresentation in the criminal justice system continues to affect Aboriginal people.One main similarity between the residential school system and our current system and our society today is the unremitting discrimination towards Aboriginal people. The truancy and dropout rate for Aboriginal students is high because early school leaving is commonly associated with a long process of student disengagement associated with unfavourable school experiences (Barnes et al, 2006).The residential school system stands as a reminder of the long-term impacts of school policy, funding, staffing and staff training on students’ education and later life prospects because without adequate resources the intergenerational impacts of residential schools will continue to have negative effects on Aboriginal families and communities (Barnes et al, 2006). The intergenerational impacts of the residential school system such as alcoholism, poverty and violence has lead to an overrepresentation of Aboriginal people in the criminal justice system.Resources are needed in communities to cope with addictions, domestic violence, but also crime prevention measures must be taken to eliminate and reduce poverty and other causes of crime. It has been acknowledged that the legacy of discrimination towards Aboriginal peoples is one of the reasons they are overrepresented in the system and therefore the courts must address this issue when dealing with sentencing. The Gladue decision is an important turning point in the criminal justice system when dealing with Aboriginal offenders.Healing is an Aboriginal justice principle that is slowly becoming a part of the justice system through the practice of circle sentencing and community based diversion programs. The Gladue case has provided the notion that every judge must take into consideration the healing principle when dealing with Aboriginal offenders, in order to build a bridge between his or her unique personal and community background experiences and criminal j ustice. Many Aboriginal offenders are survivors of the residential schools or have been influenced by the trauma caused to their family members or community.The government of Canada imposed section 718. 2 of the Criminal Code of Canada to help sentence Aboriginal offenders because of the harm that they have faced in relation to offenders of other ethnicities. Section 718. 2 is as follows: A court that imposes a sentence shall also take into consideration the following principles: (e) all available sanctions other than imprisonment that are reasonable in the circumstances should be considered for all offenders, with particular attention to the circumstances of Aboriginal offenders. Many of he offences that are committed by Aboriginal peoples today are non-violent offences such as property crime and substance related offences. When dealing with Aboriginal offenders and sentencing judges must take into consideration the history, culture and experiences of discrimination that Indigenous people in Canada have faced, more time must be spent on the sentencing process to ensure a more restorative approach to better heal and rehabilitate the offender and the community and alternatives to incarceration must be taken into consideration to help the offender, victim, families and communities heal (McCaslin, 2005).On the other hand, the criminal justice system personnel have also begun to recognize the number of Aboriginal offenders who suffer from FASD and how the â€Å"mentally disordered offender† with FASD creates particular problems for the assumption by the legal system of innocence until proven guilty. For example offenders may plead guilty as a part of a plea bargaining however they do not understand that they legal process or do not feel as though did committed an illegal offence.Therefore the mens rea is not present if the offender genuinely felt as though they did nothing wrong because they could not understand the consequences due to a mental illness. The Canadian government has taken responsibility for the systematic discrimination that took place within the residential schools and the trauma and intergenerational impacts that has occurred. In 2007, the federal government formalized a $1. 9-billion compensation package for those who were forced to attend residential schools (CBC News, June 14, 2010).Common Experience Payments were made available to all residential schools students who were alive as of May 30, 2005. Former students were eligible for $10,000 for the first year or part of a year they attended school, plus $3,000 for each subsequent year (CBC News, June 14, 2010). Remaining money from the $1. 9-billion compensation package was to be given to foundations that support learning needs of current Aboriginal students.As of April 15, 2010 a reported $1. 55 billion had been paid which represented 75,800 cases in Canada (CBC News, June 14, 2010). Other than compensation apologies were made through the Catholic Church which over saw three-quarters of Canadian residential schools. Appologies were also made by the Canadian government, Pope Benedict XVI, Archbishop Michael Peers on behalf of the Anglican Church, the Presbyterian Church and the United Church of Canada.In conclusion, no matter how much compensation is paid or however many apologies are made it does not make up for the trauma, suffering, and systematic discrimination that Aboriginal people have faced because of the residential schools which has lead to alcoholism and substance abuse, poverty, inadequate housing, inadequate education and unemployment and this disconnection with their culture and community. References Barnes, R. (2006).Residential Schools: Impact on Aboriginal Student’s Academic and Cognitive Development. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 21 (1/2), 18-32. * An academic article that describes the affects of poor curriculum, lack of resources, lack parental involvement in education, and discrimination within the residenti al schools system. Bracken, D. C. (2008). Canada’s Aboriginal People, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome & the Criminal Justice System. British Journal of Community Justice, 21-33. An academic article that describes the relationship between FASD, Aboriginal offenders and the Criminal Justice System in Canada and how it may lead to and effect guilty pleas CBC News (2010, June, 14). A History of Residential Schools in Canada. CBC News Canada. Retrieved from: http://www. cbc. ca/news/canada/story/2008/05/16/f-faqs-residential-schools. html * Depicts the history of residential schools in Canada and the steps Canada has taken to heal the relationship between the government and Aboriginal people.Chansonneuve, D. (2005). Reclaiming Connections: Understanding Residential School Trauma Among Aboriginal People. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation. * Provides a timeline as to when the first residential school was established comparative to the last and the harm that occurred within the schools. E dwards, N. , Smith, D. , & Varcoe, C. (2005). Turning Around the Intergenerational Impact of Residential Schools on Aboriginal People: Implications for Health Policy and Practice. Canadian Journal of Nursing Research, 37 (4), 38-60. An academic journal that acknowledges the intergenerational impacts that the residential school system has produced in terms of health effects and abuse. Fontaine, L. S. (2002). Canadian Residential Schools: The Legacy of Cultural Harm. Indigenous Law Bulletin, 5 (17), 4. * An article that goes through the history of the Canadian residential schools and the cultural harm that was produced in terms of first, second and third generational impacts. Joseph, R. (2002, March). Indian Residential School Survivors Society. Retrieved from: http://www. irsss. a/index-new. html * A website that goes over the history of residential schools and the current resources provided for the survivors of the systematic discrimination and abuse. LaPrarie, C. (1990). The Role o f Sentencing in the Over-representation of Aboriginal People in Correctional Institutions. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 32, 429-440. * An academic journal which goes through the reasonings behind overrepresentation of Aboriginal peoples in the criminal justice system in relation to the influence of residential schools and an increased crime rate.McCaslin, W. (2005) Justice as Healing: Indigenous Ways. Canada: Living Justice Press * Reading on pages 280-296 which deals with restorative justice and the sentencing of Aboriginal offenders in relation to the Gladue case. Schissel, B. & Wotherspoon, T. (2003). The Legacy of School for Aboriginal People: Education, Oppression & Emancipation. Canada: Oxford University Press * A book about the negative influences of residential schools and the determinants of successful schooling. Also